So today I attended the second day of the massive Comic Market exhibition in Tokyo. Here's a picture of the queue at 7:23 am:

Everyone in this photo (except maybe the people walking in the background) has been waiting for about an hour and a half. It'll be another 2.5 hours before they're let in. That's not the entire queue by any means -- most of them arrived after me, and I got there at 6am. There are likely tens of thousands in the queue at this point.
They got there early just to have first dibs on a variety of 'doujin' merchandise -- items created typically by groups of friends (or just individuals) called 'circles', and self-published via various outlets which specialise in doujin media. Comic Market is one such outlet, and runs twice a year for a 3 day weekend each time, with free entry. The attendance is typically over half a million; you can only see the 4000 or so (my rough count) super-early arrivals above. For the West Hall. There were probably 200,000+ attendees in total today.
The exhibition is made up of 3 large halls of space totalling enough to sit (my rough count) 5000 circles per day (with a completely different set each day), plus a commercial goods room with several hundred stands belonging to various commercial entities. (Roughly half the size of one of the other 3 halls, but about twice as full.)
In case you think that's not huge, 'Comiket' is just the largest of many similar exhibitions. The doujin industry is, according to Wikipedia, worth about 800 million dollars per year.
Why am I posting this and mentioning copyright? Because, basically, most of the industry is based around copyright infringement. Very few of the circles have any kind of authorisation for their works, which are frequently based on commercial properties (in the west, this is somewhat analogous to fan-fiction). Those works are normally released in a run of a few hundred, partly to keep a low profile, so popular works are often coveted and fetch a high price after the event -- hence, of course, the early birds pictured.
My particular interest is in the Touhou series of doujin games, mostly by the circle 'Team Shanghai Alice' (there's a few official fighting games by another group, and some official comic books collaborated with others). The primary (perhaps only?) author, 'ZUN,' provides some guidance on what he considers acceptable conduct with his IP (basically, don't create anything that's otherwise illegal and try to keep the games as a primary focus, ie. only allow sale where the games are sold).
Since the rules are so open, the fanworks surrounding the series have exploded. The popular remixes of the music from the games now cover well over 1TiB of TTA-encoded audio. Around 2/3 of one hall at Comiket is self-published fanworks from the series -- that's about 1000 individual circles.
Does that hurt the sales of the games? I'm going to go with 'no', having walked around a one hour queue to the Team Shanghai Alice stall to spend about 8 seconds there despite being foreign and thus slower than the average. I reckon that with the three-wide queue the circle sold about two to three thousand games in that time. At 1000 yen per game, that's about £20K takings. In an hour. The exhibition runs for 6 hours, and the games also sell in many shops outside Comiket (at a higher price, so I guess the circle gets the same profit per sale): I think ZUN's doing OK. Just for reference, here's the queue (behind, then in front -- there's a massive loop that I'll go around after the queue rounds the corner in front of me; the stall is just in front of the last grey bit in the distance behind me).


The game was available illegally on Bittorrent before I got back from the exhibition. Amusingly, as I don't have an optical drive in my laptop, I'm going to take that download if I want to play it. Again, if that hurts sales, I don't think it matters. Hell, the availability online is what ultimately brought out here.
Here's my stash of CDs so far; most of the top and bottom rows I got from shops before Comiket. Everything from the 4th row down is doujin Touhou stuff, including the latest game at the bottom middle. Most of the top half is original doujin music (except for the two EXIT TRANCE albums, 5th in from the left on the 2nd and 3rd rows, which are released by Quake Holdings, a commercial entity).






















